Shaping vs. Chaining: Two Key ABA Techniques Explained
When it comes to teaching new behaviors, shaping and chaining are two essential strategies used in Applied Behavior Analysis. While both aim to help individuals develop new skills, they approach the task in different ways. So, what exactly sets them apart?
Shaping: Gradually Building a New Behavior
Shaping involves reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior. For instance, if a child is learning to say a word, an ABA therapist might first reinforce any sound they make when looking at the object, then gradually move towards reinforcing more accurate sounds.
Over time, this approach helps the child reach the target behavior—like saying the word "ball." According to ABA experts, shaping is perfect for teaching behaviors that the individual doesn't already perform but is capable of approximating with guidance.
Chaining: Breaking Down Complex Tasks
Chaining is used when a behavior involves multiple steps. This method breaks down a complex task, like brushing teeth, into smaller, manageable actions. Each step is taught and reinforced individually, and once a person masters a step, they move on to the next.
Eventually, all the steps link together into a single, seamless behavior. Think of it like teaching a child to tie their shoes—one step at a time, until they can do it all on their own.
Key Differences in a Snapshot

| Shaping | Chaining |
|---|---|
| Reinforces approximations of a behavior | Teaches a sequence of steps to complete a task |
| Great for teaching new, simple behaviors | Ideal for teaching tasks with multiple steps |
Both shaping and chaining are essential in ABA therapy because they help people with autism and other developmental disorders learn in ways that make sense to them.
Whether you're helping someone learn a new word or master a complex task, understanding these techniques can make all the difference.
If you're looking for personalized in-home ABA therapy and school-based autism support, Inclusive ABA is here to help.
We offer compassionate support to families in Nevada, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Iowa, and Ohio, providing tailored therapy to help children thrive.
FAQs
What is shaping in ABA therapy?
Shaping is reinforcing small steps toward a desired behavior until the full target behavior is achieved.
What is chaining in ABA therapy?
Chaining involves teaching a complex task by breaking it down into smaller, manageable steps, with each step linked to the next.
How are shaping and chaining different?
Shaping gradually builds a new behavior, while chaining breaks down a task into smaller steps that are learned sequentially.
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