What Are the Three Basic Principles of ABA? Understanding the ABCs of Behavior

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is built on three core principles that help explain how and why behaviors happen: Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence — often called the ABC model. These elements form the foundation of ABA therapy and are used to understand, teach, and encourage positive behavior changes.

1. Antecedent – This is what happens right before a behavior. It could be a request, a sensory input, or an environmental trigger.
2. Behavior – This is the observable action that follows the antecedent. It could be verbal (like speaking) or physical (like hand-flapping or completing a task).
3. Consequence – This is what happens immediately after the behavior. It determines whether the behavior is likely to happen again. Positive reinforcement increases desired behaviors, while other responses may reduce unwanted behaviors.

At Inclusive ABA, we use the ABC model to create structured, individualized therapy plans that support meaningful progress. By understanding the function of a behavior, we can teach new skills and reduce challenging behaviors in a way that’s respectful, compassionate, and effective.

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